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<title>Basil Hall Chamberlain</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Basil Hall Chamberlain</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Basil Hall Chamberlain</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Basil Hall Chamberlain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1850-10-18</span>)</span>18 October 1850<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Southsea" title="Southsea">Southsea</a>, <a href="England" title="England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 February 1935<span style="display:none">(1935-02-15)</span> (aged 84)<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Author, <a href="Japanologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanologist">Japanologist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="William_Charles_Chamberlain" title="William Charles Chamberlain">William Charles Chamberlain</a><br>Eliza Jane Hall</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Basil Hall Chamberlain</b> (18 October 1850 – 15 February 1935) was a <a href="British_people" title="British people">British</a> <a href="Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a> and <a href="Japanologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanologist">Japanologist</a>. He was a professor of the <a href="Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> at <a href="Tokyo_Imperial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Imperial University">Tokyo Imperial University</a> and one of the foremost British <a href="Japanology" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanology">Japanologists</a> active in Japan during the late 19th century. (Others included <a href="Ernest_Mason_Satow" title="Ernest Mason Satow">Ernest Satow</a> and <a href="William_George_Aston" title="William George Aston">W. G. Aston</a>.) He also wrote some of the earliest translations of <a href="Haiku" title="Haiku">haiku</a> into English. He is perhaps best remembered for his informal and popular one-volume encyclopedia <i>Things Japanese</i>, which first appeared in 1890 and which he revised several times thereafter. His interests were diverse, and his works include an anthology of poetry in French.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div>

<p>Chamberlain was born in <a href="Southsea" title="Southsea">Southsea</a> (a part of <a href="Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>) on the south coast of <a href="England" title="England">England</a>, the son of an Admiral <a href="William_Charles_Chamberlain" title="William Charles Chamberlain">William Charles Chamberlain</a> and his wife Eliza Hall, the daughter of the travel writer <a href="Basil_Hall_(naval_officer)" title="Basil Hall (naval officer)">Basil Hall</a>. His younger brother was <a href="Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Houston Stewart Chamberlain</a>. He was brought up speaking <a href="French_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="French (language)">French</a> as well as <a href="English_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="English (language)">English</a>, even before moving to <a href="Versailles_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles (city)">Versailles</a> to live with his maternal grandmother in 1856 upon his mother's death. Once in <a href="France" title="France">France</a>, he acquired <a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a> as well. Chamberlain had hoped to study at <a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, but instead started work at <a href="Barings_Bank" title="Barings Bank">Barings Bank</a> in <a href="London" title="London">London</a>. He was unsuited to the work and soon had a <a href="Nervous_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervous breakdown">nervous breakdown</a>. It was in the hope of a full recovery that he sailed out of <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>, with no clear destination in mind.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japan">Japan</h2></div>

<p>Chamberlain landed in Japan on 29 May 1873, employed by the Japanese government as an <i><a href="O-yatoi_gaikokujin" class="mw-redirect" title="O-yatoi gaikokujin">o-yatoi gaikokujin</a></i>. He taught at the <a href="Imperial_Japanese_Naval_Academy" title="Imperial Japanese Naval Academy">Imperial Japanese Naval Academy</a> in <a href="Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> from 1874 to 1882. His most important position, however, was as professor of <a href="Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> at <a href="Tokyo_Imperial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Imperial University">Tokyo Imperial University</a> beginning in 1886. It was here that he gained his reputation as a student of Japanese language and literature. (He was also a pioneering scholar of the <a href="Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a> and <a href="Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan languages</a>.) His many works include the first translation of the <i><a href="Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i> into English (1882), <i>A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese</i> (1888), <i>Things Japanese</i> (1890), and <i>A Practical Guide to the Study of Japanese Writing</i> (1905).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A keen traveller despite chronic weak health, he cowrote (with W. B. Mason) the 1891 edition of <i>A Handbook for Travellers in Japan</i>, of which revised editions followed.

</p><p>Chamberlain was a friend of the writer <a href="Lafcadio_Hearn" title="Lafcadio Hearn">Lafcadio Hearn</a>, once a colleague at the university, but the two became estranged over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Percival_Lowell" title="Percival Lowell">Percival Lowell</a> dedicated his <a href="Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">travelogue</a> <i>Noto: An Unexplored Corner of Japan</i> (1891) to Chamberlain.<sup id="cite_ref-noto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chamberlain sent many Japanese artefacts to the <a href="Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> at <a href="Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>.

</p><p>He left Japan in March 1911 and moved to <a href="Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, where he lived until his death in 1935.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works_by_Chamberlain">Selected works by Chamberlain</h2></div>

<ul><li><i>The Classical Poetry of the Japanese</i>, 1880</li>

<li>"A Translation of the 'Ko-ji-ki', or Records of Ancient Matters" in <i>Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan</i>, Vol. 10, Supplement, 1882

<ul><li>Rechaptered with notes by Charles Francis Horne in Horne, ed., <i>The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East: With an Historical Survey and Descriptions</i>, Vol. 1, 1917, pages 8–61.</li>

<li>Wikisource: <span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kojiki" class="extiw external" title="s:Kojiki"><i>Kojiki</i> (Horne's edition)</a>.</li></ul></li>

<li><i>The Language, Mythology, and Geographical Nomenclature of Japan Viewed in the Light of Aino Studies</i>, 1887</li>

<li><i>A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese</i>, 1887</li>

<li><i>Aino Folk-Tales</i>, 1888</li>

<li><i>Things Japanese</i>, six editions 1890–1936

<ul><li>A paperback version of the fifth edition, from 1905, with the short bibliographies appended to many of its articles replaced by lists of other books put out by the new publisher, was issued by the <a href="Charles_E._Tuttle_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles E. Tuttle Company">Charles E. Tuttle Company</a> as <i>Japanese Things</i> in 1971 and has since been reprinted several times.</li></ul></li>

<li><i>A Handbook for Travellers in Japan</i>, co-written with W. B. Mason, seven editions 1891–1913 (numbered as third to ninth editions, the first and second editions being of its predecessor, <i>A Handbook for Travellers in Central and Northern Japan</i> by <a href="Ernest_Mason_Satow" title="Ernest Mason Satow">Ernest Satow</a> and A G S Hawes).</li>

<li><i>Essay in Aid of a Grammar and Dictionary of the Luchuan Language</i>, 1895 (a pioneering study of the <a href="Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan languages</a>)</li>

<li>"Bashō and the Japanese Poetical Epigram" in <i>Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan</i>, Vol. 2, no. 30, 1902 (some of Chamberlain's translations from this article are included in Faubion Bowers' <i>The Classic Tradition of Haiku: An Anthology</i>, Dover Publications, 1996 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-486-29274-6</bdi>.)</li>

<li><i>Japanese Poetry</i>, 1910</li>

<li><i>The Invention of a New Religion</i>, 1912 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2510">At Project Gutenberg</a> (incorporated into <i>Things Japanese</i> in 1927)</li>

<li><i>Huit Siècles de poésie française</i>, 1927</li>

<li><i>. . . encore est vive la Souris</i>, 1933</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Japanese_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Japanese relations">Anglo-Japanese relations</a></li>

<li><a href="O-yatoi_gaikokujin" class="mw-redirect" title="O-yatoi gaikokujin">O-yatoi gaikokujin</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yuzo Ota, <i>Basil Hall Chamberlain: Portrait of a Japanologist</i> (Routledge, 2012).</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA313">"CHAMBERLAIN, Basil Hall"</a>. <i>Who's Who</i>. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 313.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHearnBisland1906" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Lafcadio; Bisland, Elizabeth (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ds8EAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA57"><i>The Life and Letters of Lafcadio Hearn, including the Japanese Letters</i></a>. Vol. 1. Houghton, Mifflin and company. pp. <span class="nowrap">57–</span>8. <q>The second point was his attitude toward his friends — his quondam friends — all of whom he gradually dropped, with but few exceptions...</q></cite> (quoted from Chamberlain's letters). Chamberlain wrote to Hearn's biographer to explain that Hearn never lost his esteem, and he wrote a few times to Hearn, who had moved away to <a href="Izumo%2C_Shimane" title="Izumo, Shimane">Matsue, Shimane</a>, but the letters went unanswered.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-noto-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noto_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> From the dedication. <cite id="CITEREFLowell1891" class="citation book cs1">Lowell, Percival (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notoanunexplore00conggoog"><i>Noto: An Unexplored Corner of Japan</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press; printed by H. O. Houghton & Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Hirakawa, Sukehiro. "Changing Appreciations of Japanese Literature: Basil Hall Chamberlain versus Arthur Waley: Keynote speech given at the First SSAAPS Asia-Pacific Annual Conference, Goteborg, September 26, 2002." <i>Otemae journal of humanities</i> 3: 229-246. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://otemae.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=682&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1">online</a></li>

<li>Ōta, Yūzō. <i>Basil Hall Chamberlain: Portrait of a Japanologist.</i> Richmond, Surrey: Japan Library, 1998. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1873410735</bdi>.</li>

<li>Chamberlain, Basil Hall and Joseph Cronin. <i>The Mouse is Still Alive: Thoughts and Reflections, translated from the French with an introduction by Joseph Cronin.</i> Kyoto, Japan: 2015. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781312880467</bdi>. A translation into English of Hall's 1933 work <i>...encore est vive la Souris: Pensées et Réflexions,</i> together with a detailed biographical study by Cronin (pp. 9–63: "For Truth Has Always Two Sides Nearly Balanced"). Illustrated.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">English <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:

<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Basil_Hall_Chamberlain" class="extiw external" title="s:en:Author:Basil Hall Chamberlain">Basil Hall Chamberlain</a></b></div></div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Basil_Hall_Chamberlain" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Basil Hall Chamberlain">Basil Hall Chamberlain</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/947">Works by Basil Hall Chamberlain</a> at <a href="Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%20Hall%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%20H%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20B%2E%20H%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Basil%20Hall%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Basil%20H%2E%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22B%2E%20H%2E%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Basil%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Basil%20Hall%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Basil%20H%2E%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22B%2E%20H%2E%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22B%2E%20Hall%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%20Hall%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%20H%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20B%2E%20H%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20B%2E%20Hall%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Basil%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Basil%20Hall%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Basil%20H%2E%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20title%3A%22B%2E%20H%2E%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Basil%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Basil%20Hall%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Basil%20H%2E%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20description%3A%22B%2E%20H%2E%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%20Hall%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%20H%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Basil%20Chamberlain%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Chamberlain%2C%20Basil%22%29%20OR%20%28%221850-1935%22%20AND%20Chamberlain%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Basil Hall Chamberlain</a> at the <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/7185">Works by Basil Hall Chamberlain</a> at <a href="LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/index.htm">Chamberlain's translation of the Kojiki</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/aft/index.htm">Chamberlain's collection of Ainu folk tales</a></li></ul>

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